SmartRivers welcomes its first water company hosted volunteer hub

We are pleased to announce that Severn Trent is the first water company to enrol into the SmartRivers programme. SmartRivers is the volunteer arm of the Riverfly Census, where invertebrates are sampled and analysed to species-level. The species lists are then used to calculate biometrics that indicate what water quality pressures a river is experiencing. This information enables us to understand more about the subtle pollutants 'stressing out' our fish, and drive real improvements to the quality of water flowing through our rivers.

The monitoring will be taking place at Linacre, situated on the outskirts of Chesterfield. The landscape around the site is diverse, ranging from broadleaf and conifer plantation, to pasture and grassland. In regards to freshwater habitat, there are three de-commissioned reservoirs and the Linacre brook. Over the years, a variety of practical conservation projects have taken place to improve habitat on the brook for the wild trout that live there. However, the effectiveness of this work in regards to the health of the trout population is missing.

Lloyd Ross, Ranger for Severn Trent describes how SmartRivers will benefit Linacre:

“I am really keen to carry out work to improve the quality of the aquatic habitat for the trout and other fish and invertebrate species. Aside from the huge ecological benefit, I believe the healthy trout population could become one of a few “flagship” species for Linacre – we could design and install interpretation and education boards around site and plan engagement events centred around about aquatic habitats, species identification and water quality.

Having a monitoring scheme like SmartRivers in place would allow us to pick up and act on any risks to the aquatic habitat before damage may be caused. The scheme would also help with developing natural flood management in the area as I would have an up-to-date set of data to inform my decisions and planning. Involvement in SmartRivers would be a pro-active, positive contribution to our company pledge to commit to improving the natural environment on our sites”.

Lauren Mattingley, SmartRivers Project Manager says:

“We are really pleased to have a water company on board, and hope others will follow in the footsteps of Severn Trent. As water companies have a huge role to play in keeping our waters pollution-free we welcome engaging with them through SmartRivers”.

Benchmark samping has already begun in the Linacre Brook, with the volunteers due to receive their training in spring 2021, pending Government advice at the time.

Philip Dunne MP launches new Bill to tackle river pollution

Salmon & Trout Conservation warmly welcomes the introduction of the Sewage (Inland Waters) Bill, aimed at tackling the unacceptable levels of raw sewage being discharged into our rivers and streams.

Rt. Hon Philip Dunne MP for Ludlow has published his Private Member’s Bill designed to tackle river pollution from untreated sewage and improve water quality.

In 2019, raw sewage was discharged into rivers across England and Wales for over 1.5 million hours, compromising these vital habitats for wildlife and endangering the health of people who use our rivers for recreation.

Philip Dunne MP, who is also chairman of the Environmental Audit Committee, said:

“Our rivers are a vital part of our natural heritage. It is right the Government has committed to restoring at least three quarters of our waters to their natural state.

But it is clear from last week’s latest assessment from the Environment Agency that we are a long way from achieving that, with fewer than one in six of our rivers in good health. This threatens the aquatic life and iconic species that rely on these precious habitats, such as freshwater fish, kingfishers, otters and dippers.

The discharge of untreated sewage is a major part of the problem. It poses a significant health risk to those who wish to enjoy our rivers for leisure and recreation.

The River Severn and its tributaries the Clun, Corve, Kemp, Onny, Rea, Teme and Worfe all flow through my constituency. They are nothing like as healthy as when I was a child, but they should be.

That is why I have brought forward this Bill, which aims to cut discharges of raw sewage into our rivers - protecting our precious habitats for wildlife and people to enjoy.”

The Sewage (Inland Waters) Bill places a duty on water companies to ensure that untreated sewage is not discharged into rivers and other inland waters. The Bill will require water companies to set out plans progressively to reduce their reliance on combined sewer overflows (CSOs). It proposes increasing levels of transparency, as firms will be mandated to report publicly not just on the frequency and extent of sewage discharges from CSOs and any other sewer catchment assets, but also on the impact on water quality as this is enabled by advances in technology.

Nick Measham, CEO S&TC said,

“I am delighted to see this vital Bill introduced and have been pleased that S&TC was able to make use good use of the donations we receive from members, and elsewhere, to allow S&TC’s lawyer to play a significant role in drafting the Bill and the Explanatory Notes.”

Sewage (Inland Waters) Bill

Sewage Bill (Explanatory Notes)

The Bill also proposes measures to upgrade drainage infrastructure to separate household sewage from surface water drainage, helping reduce the risk of overspills. It includes measures to reduce harmful products such as non-biodegradable wet wipes, commercial fats and oils from being disposed down the drains. It also proposes measures to expand the number of inland bathing waters and establish targets to increase those classified as “good” or “excellent”.

Guy Linley-Adams, solicitor with Salmon and Trout Conservation said,

“The Bill is a welcome and necessary correction to the post-privatisation legislation for controlling sewage pollution of rivers, streams and lakes. As we leave the EU, we need to increase the level of ambition and this Bill does that. All sides in this debate, including water companies, recognise that we need to build back better post-Covid, including in our water infrastructure, so this Bill deserves, and I’m sure will get, very strong cross-party support.”

The Bill has additional support from environmental charities and NGOs including,

The Rivers Trust, Surfers Against Sewage, The Wildlife Trusts, The Angling Trust, Chalk Aquifer Alliance.

We encourage you to share the Bill with your local MP and lobby them to support it.

Who is my MP? https://www.writetothem.com

Notes

The Rt Hon Philip Dunne MP has been Member of Parliament for Ludlow since May 2005. In February 2020 he was elected Chairman of the Environmental Audit Committee. He is also a member of the Conservative Environment Network Parliamentary Caucus.

Untreated sewage is discharged directly into rivers from licensed Combined Sewer Overflows (CSOs) managed by the 9 water and sewerage companies in England, which are permitted by the Environment Agency (EA) to exceed consented concentrations during periods of heavy rainfall. Recent data obtained by the Guardian established 6,508 inland CSOs discharged untreated sewage into rivers over 200,000 times across England for over 1.5 million hours in 2019, meaning that they likely occurred far more regularly than just during periods of intense rainfall.

The government set an ambition in the 25 Year Environment Plan to improve at least three quarters of UK waters and return them to their natural state. However, the latest assessment by the Environment Agency showed that just 16% of England’s rivers meet the criteria for ‘good ecological status’, unchanged from 2016.

"If we can’t conserve the most protected, how can we ever conserve the rest?"

Feargal Sharkey, recently appointed a Salmon & Trout Conservation Vice President writes,

It’s the perfume that you notice first.

Not in that pleasingly attractive CHANEL N° 5 kind of a way but more in that acrid, back of the throat, ammonia filled reflux-inducing kind of a way.

It’s when you notice the used condoms, the sanitary products and the dead rat all trapped in a spiralling embrace, circulating anticlockwise in a backwater eddy that you really begin to notice that things just aren’t right. What one observer pithily described as “Dead rat and sanitary towel soup”.

Is this fiction? No. In 2019 raw sewage was discharged for more than 1,000 hours into an environmental wetland situated at the heart of Olympic Park, Hackney Marshes created as part of the London Olympics legacy.

Yes as part of an event designed to highlight to the world the greatest achievements of British athletes; an event who’s ambition was to build a legacy that would impact upon the lives of millions of Londoners and generations to come: to build a wetland in one of London’s most deprived boroughs. And yet, and yet in 2019 we allowed the local water company to spend more than 1,000 hours dumping sewage into that newly created wetland.

It was not an isolated event. According to recent reports in the Guardian during 2019 water companies across England spent more than 1,500,000 hours dumping sewage into our rivers.

Take for example the case of the River Avon in Hampshire. Just over 1,000 sq miles of catchment, some of the rarest, most precious rivers systems on earth: the River Avon and is tributaries. All chalks streams. All designated part of a Special Area of Conservation.

Yet in 2019, by my counting, Wessex Water spent 14,642 hours ejecting sewage into the River Avon and its catchment.

That’s 5 chalk streams, some of the rarest river ecosystems on earth, afforded one of the highest form of legal protection this country has to offer and we allowed the water company to do WHAT?

Or the Rive Kennett, given birth to in the lush rolling hills of Wiltshire but even by the time it reaches Marlborough just 10 miles later it is already polluted Thames Water having spent 1,636 hours dumping sewage into its once pristine waters.

46 miles later as it reaches Reading parts of the river have been designated a SSSI. And yet, and yet, in 2019 Thames Water spent a total of 12,734 hours dumping sewage into the Rive Kennett.

And the Environment Agency does what exactly?

Well it transpires at least in the eyes of th3e European Court of Justice (ECJ) not a lot that would bring the UK government into line with the Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive (UWWTD).

You see in 2012 the UK Government was taken to the EJC by the European Commission for been noncompliant with the Directive. My reading, the court agreed, the UK was breaking the law. Not only that the court ruled, again my reading that this should only ever happen, only ever happen in “Exception circumstances”.

Well all of that was in 2012. So here we are, 8 years later and in 2019 water companies spent over 1,500,000 hours worth of sewage dumped into England’s rivers. Would that be “Exception circumstances”?

Or the14,642 hours of sewage dumped into the River Avon catchment during 2019. Would that be “Exception circumstances”? Or the 12,734 hours worth of sewage dumped into the River Kennett. Would that be “Exception circumstances”?

As a nation it speaks volumes about the platitudes we allow government and others to heap upon the environment, the empty, meaningless words devoid of intent, the 25 year plans that simply perpetuate the obscenity and the complicity.

If we can’t conserve the most protected, how can we ever conserve the rest?

Chalkstreams are as internationally rare and ecologically important as coral reefs or rainforests, and 85% of the world’s chalkstreams are found in England.

With this comes a responsibility to protect them, something at the moment we are failing to deliver, with evidence of many stretches running dry, whilst others are clogged with nuisance algae and huge declines in flylife, the base of the food web.

Our Riverfly Census work has shown chalkstreams are under huge pressure from excess phosphates, fine sediments and chemicals, all exacerbated by vast over-abstraction. Chalkstreams are groundwater fed- when rain falls it sinks into the chalk ground through fissures and cracks, turning into underground oceans of trapped rainwater. Natural refilling of this underground water is essential to ensure our chalkstreams stay flowing. Yet, because this water is cool and stable and therefore ‘cheap’ to use, it is heavily relied upon and much is removed by water companies to become the water we use in our homes.

We, at Salmon & Trout Conservation, are calling for: New ambitious, bespoke regulatory

targets for all chalkstreams which recognise and manage them as the unique habitats they are.

Currently all our rivers are managed under the Water Framework Directive (WFD). Within

this all rivers are classified the same, working towards common ecological targets. Yet, our

data confirms invertebrate communities in chalkstreams are biologically distinct from other

rivers. So, this generic, one size fits all approach cannot adequately protect them. ‘Good’

according to WFD is not good enough for chalkstreams. By developing new chalkstream

specific ecological targets for all chalkstreams it will identify the elements which make

chalkstreams so special and protect and restore them.

To ensure all our chalkstreams are healthy and sustainable into the future requires radical

action now and a step change in the way we manage our water environment. It will require

new bespoke regulatory targets alongside a properly resourced Environment Agency to

deliver and enforce regulations, and an ambitious timeframe to stop all water company’s

reliance on ‘cheap’ chalk aquifer water and drive investment into alternative water supply

solutions.

We cannot afford to tinker around the edges any longer. The more degraded our

chalkstreams become, the more similar they are to other rivers. We are losing the things

which make them special. We have an international duty and moral obligation to raise the

bar and sustainably protect these precious habitats into the future.

As with everything right now, SmartRivers (the volunteer arm of the Riverfly Census) is navigating its way through the 'new normal'.

However, despite restrictions forcing us to postpone travelling and training courses this year, lockdown gave us the time to make SmartRivers even smarter.

SmartRivers - now an IFM certified course

We are delighted to announce that our SmartRivers training course has been accredited by the Institute of Fisheries Management (IFM). All volunteers who have completed and will be completing their SmartRivers training will qualify for this certification.

Having the SmartRivers training course fully certified by IFM is a great achievement for us. We have spent a great deal of time and effort working out how to transform the Riverfly Census methodology into an accessible, but scientifically robust, volunteer-friendly format. This certification gives us reassurance that our approach has been successful.

Paul Coulson, Director of Operations at IFM said:

“Following a review of the SmartRivers training course by the IFM Training Team the Institute is very pleased to be able to fully accredit the course. The course utilises an array of delivery methods and a wide range of learning materials, and is backed up with further guidance and support following the completion of the course. Trainees who attend this course will receive a high standard of teaching and will leave well equipped to assess their own waters.”

We want all our volunteers to have confidence that they are receiving the highest possible standard of training and support. We hope that knowing this course is recognised by such a prestigious body as IFM will give them that extra reassurance.

A new home for SmartRivers data

SmartRivers data is essential to our conservation and policy work. It is the scientific evidence we need to pinpoint local case studies that give us the power to make national changes. To make this data available and in an accessible form for all, we have built a free, open-access, online portal for all SmartRivers data to be uploaded, stored, interrogated and downloaded.

Lauren Mattingley, SmartRivers Project Manager, explains what the new database will tell us:

"When invertebrate species lists are submitted by volunteers into the database, they are automatically processed through a special calculator. The calculator generates values that indicate the impact of: organic pollution, nutrient enrichment, sediment, river flow and chemicals. You can look at each of these pressures locally and nationally, for a specific time period. This analysis can pinpoint what the problems are and where they are occurring, allowing us to control what is controllable and drive real improvements to the quality of water flowing through our rivers."

The existing data for hubs already part of Smart Rivers is live on the system, and the backlog of data from our Riverfly Census is being added over the next few months. If you want to take a look, we have put together a handy how-to guide with screenshots that explains how to use the database. To access the database open the guide here and email smartrivers@salmon-trout.org to request a login link.

What’s next?

We are constantly evaluating the situation based on the ever-changing Government guidelines, but we remain hopeful that training sessions will be able to resume in spring 2021.

We are still enrolling hubs into the project. To launch a SmartRivers hub on a new river, we collect a one year professional benchmark and provide two day-long courses for groups of volunteers. We can only run courses with groups of around 10 volunteers and not for individuals. However, if you are struggling to establish a 'hub' group your local Rivers Trust or Wildlife Trust may be able to help!

S&TC’s agricultural policy is simple; incentivise farmers to invest in their infrastructure and spread the word about modern soil management, but always be prepared to use the current legislation to regulate persistent offenders...

Paul Knight, S&TC Fisheries Consultant

George Monbiot writing in the Guardian recently highlighted the dreadful state of Welsh rivers. He focussed on the Wye, where intensive chicken farming discharges phosphate (P) at far greater levels than the safe carrying capacity of the river, leading to awful water quality and subsequent impact on its wildlife. The NFU hang on the coattails of Natural Resources Wales, who state that P has improved in the river over recent years, but rather than crow that excess nutrient is no longer a problem, it is important to understand the way P acts in a river, and why no-one should be complacent about the state of the Wye or its sister Welsh rivers.

The easiest way to explain P’s impact on a river is to think of a cliff gently sloping down until it reaches an edge, which then drops vertically into the sea – let’s give the cliff-edge a value of 30 and the top of the gentle slope as 100. P at 40 has broadly the same impact on water quality as it does at 100 – too much nutrient leading to excess algae growth, discoloured water and the ‘dirty’ riverbed to which George Monbiot alludes, but once it drops back to 30, the improvement is dramatic, and the symptoms fall away, you might say, over the cliff edge and into the sea.

This rather simplistic explanation has an important message, cutting P back from 100 to, say, 50, is a huge improvement, to which government agencies and the likes of the NFU will crow about the great job being done. However, in terms of water quality improvement that actually supports more resilient and healthy life in the river, it is virtually useless. More work needs to be done to reach 30 at the cliff edge, and then the river really starts a rapid improvement.

So why is excess P a problem to water life, apart from making the river environment murky and the bed gravels covered in algae? S&TC’s Riverfly Census showed that P, along with sediment and toxic chemicals, are the biggest river polluters across the UK, and that agriculture is their main source. Our further research proved that high P levels, particularly in conjunction with sediment, kills water insects, the vital basis of a river’s food chain. So, P, especially in conjunction with sediment, is actually toxic to water life unless kept down to natural values, 30 in our scenario.

S&TC is now using this evidence to press Welsh government and Natural Resources Wales, and Defra/Environment Agency (EA) in England, to take river pollution seriously and tighten agricultural regulation to ensure that the wildlife of rivers such as the Wye have a much more natural environment in which to thrive. We can never return our watercourses to their truly natural state, there will always be human impact in such a closely managed countryside as we have in the UK, but there are issues we can do something about if we have the political commitment to address them, and cutting back agricultural impact on our rivers is definitely one of those.

Strong regulation is a must, but we do not just advocate the stick approach. If you read the executive summary of the Axe Report, you will see that financial incentives for farmers to improve their infrastructure can produce dramatic results, albeit that they were threatened with heavy regulation if they didn’t comply. Persuading farmers to adopt better soil management techniques is also critical, so that P is kept where it belongs, on fields, rather than being allowed to leach into rivers.

However, the most important aspect of the Axe example is that sufficient resources were made available to the EA to properly address the poor ecological state of the river, and they did that by visiting farms and advising farmers, many of whom had no idea they were polluting the river. The result was nearly £4m of inward investment into updated infrastructure, and that is the sort of funding we need replicated across the whole of Wales and England if we are to protect our rivers into the future.

So, S&TC’s agricultural policy is simple; incentivise farmers to invest in their infrastructure and spread the word about modern soil management, but always be prepared to use the current legislation to regulate persistent offenders so that it becomes uneconomic for farmers to pollute watercourses such as the Wye. If we can achieve that, then our wild fish and all other water wildlife will have the best possible chance to thrive, even in our micro-managed environment.

Bakkavör washing unknown quantities of thirty-six toxic pesticides, which present real danger to aquatic life, into headwaters of SAC chalkstream

Following on from our recent release about dangerous quantities of toxic neonicotinoid Acetamiprid being washed off salad leaves into the headwaters of a protected chalkstream, a further freedom of Information (FOI) request proves this is just the tip of the iceberg.

Information obtained by Salmon & Trout Conservation (S&TC), confirms thirty-six other chemicals, (Appendix 1) from Bakkavör’s Alresford salad washing activities, which could be causing environmental damage. The list of chemicals, which Bakkavör declare are permitted for use on the produce they wash at the site, highlights thirty-six chemicals of great concern where the Environment Agency believe they “present a real or present danger to the environment”. Current laboratory tests for these chemicals cannot detect the presence in the discharge low enough to ensure they are not causing environmental damage.

The problem is national in scale. Alongside neighbouring Vitacress on the Bourne Rivulet, a tributary of the River Test, there are several hundred similar factories across England which could also be discharging lethal quantities of pesticides.

The Environment Agency has produced, using the best available science on the ecological impact, a minimum reporting value (MRV) for each chemical, at which they believe they can be confident no damage to the surrounding environment, to its fish, bugs, kingfishers, otters and water voles, will occur. However, unfortunately for thirty-six of the pesticides listed current laboratories Limit of Quantification (LOQ), the lowest analyte concentration that can be quantitatively detected with a stated accuracy and precision, is in the worst case 3500 times higher than these “safe” concentrations.

S&TC believes the only safe and responsible solution is for Bakkavör to stop washing salads and discharging its lethal cocktail immediately while a means to measure and remove harmful pesticides is introduced. And the EA needs to demand Bakkavör meets the environmentally safe levels come what may.

Nick Measham, S&TC CEO states,

”Pesticides are, of course, by their very nature designed to kill unwanted animals, unlike industrial chemicals or pharmaceuticals whose toxic impact is an unfortunate side-effect. Is it really acceptable that any pesticides are allowed to be discharged into our natural environment whatever the concentrations? Surely as a responsible business Bakkavör must stop discharging all knowingly toxic pesticides into this river which in so importance to the local community and has international ecological importance, before it’s too late”.

The River Alre, which receives Bakkavör’s toxic discharge, is a tributary to the River Itchen, a Special Area of Conservation- the highest environmental protection a site can get, and a world important chalkstream, as 85% of global chalkstreams are in England. Yet, because of historical discharge permits, once small, but now industrial level salad washing activity is able to pollute this invaluable natural resource.

Janina Gray, Head of Science and Policy at S&TC added,

“Chemical pollution is arguably the biggest single threat to our wildlife and us. In truth, we know very little about most of the chemicals we are pumping into the environment, so governments have put it in the too difficult to deal with box for too long. With wild fish populations like salmon endangered, bugs both in the water and on land showing catastrophic populations collapses and 85% of our rivers considered unhealthy, we cannot ignore this problem any longer. Pesticides are the obvious place to start, and in particular point discharges like Bakkavör. I for one will not be buying any washed bagged salad until I know it isn’t silently killing our rivers with its washed-off pesticides”.

S&TC is calling on Bakkavör to stop their discharge immediately until they can be certain they are not discharging pesticides at toxic levels in the surrounding environment.

NOTES FOR EDITORS

(1) Salmon and Trout Conservation

Salmon & Trout Conservation (S&TC) was established as the Salmon & Trout Association (S&TA) in 1903 to address the damage done to our rivers by the polluting effects of the Industrial Revolution. Since then, S&TC has worked to protect fisheries, fish stocks and the wider aquatic environment for the public benefit. S&TC has charitable status in England, Wales and Scotland and its charitable objectives empower it to address all issues affecting fish and the aquatic environment, supported by robust evidence from its scientific network, and to take the widest possible remit in protecting salmonid fish stocks and the aquatic environment upon which they depend.

www.salmon-trout.org

2) Case History

Fears about pesticides and other chemicals in the discharges from this salad washing plant have been long standing and culminated in June 2018 when S&TC issued the EA with a formal notification of environmental damage pursuant to the Environmental Liability Directive. This followed the results of S&TC’s invertebrate sampling at a site immediately downstream of Bakkavör’s outflows which indicated that chemicals were impacting the invertebrate communities.

The resulting EA investigation confirmed S&TC’s findings; that there were pesticides present, which were on the salad leaves imported by Bakkavör and which were being subsequently washed off and into the Upper Itchen. It appears that Bakkavör had not self-notified the EA of the presence of these chemicals. Once made aware of the pesticide threat the EA began a monitoring and sampling regime. This testing revealed the presence of dozens of chemicals, pesticides and herbicides being washed off the fresh produce at Bakkavör

Appendix 1:

Pesticide Minimum Reporting Value (MRV) and Limit of Quantification (LOQ), where pesticides highlighted in red indicate Environment Agency concerns current monitoring cannot prove they are not impacting the environment.

Toxic neonicotinoid washed off salad leaves into protected chalkstream exceeds acceptable concentrations by up to 400%.

NEWS RELEASE 23 June 2020

Data from a recent Freedom of Information request by Salmon & Trout Conservation shows that levels of Acetamiprid, a pesticide discharged by Bakkavör plc into the Upper Itchen catchment[1], have regularly exceeded acceptable concentrations. This toxic pesticide and many more are washed off leaves in preparing bags of salad.

Bakkavör plc supplies leading retailers, including M&S, Sainsbury's and Waitrose, with fresh produce such as watercress, baby leaf and organic salads and herbs.[2]

Acetamiprid regularly exceeded, by a factor of up to four times, the lethal dose (chronic and acute Regulatory Acceptable Concentration (RAC))[3]. Acetamiprid is in the neonicotinoid family, many of which were recently banned for use in Europe due to their acute toxic impact on bees. While Acetamiprid is considered less harmful to pollinators than its banned relatives, research shows that it is significantly more toxic to aquatic insects.[4]

Nick Measham, CEO Salmon & Trout Conservation said,

“Enough is enough. Bakkavör’s Alresford Salads factory has a long history of polluting the Upper Itchen. This latest revelation is the most troubling yet. Quite simply this pesticide pollution has to stop, and now. These chemicals will be killing aquatic insects, destroying the primary food source of wild salmon and trout. Bakkavör must end emissions of these and all other toxins which occur as a by-product of their processes. If they continue to refuse to do so, the EA must take decisive action.”

S&TC fears this is not the only insecticide discharging from the plant at quantities dangerous to aquatic life, and that, nationally, Bakkavör is not alone in this activity. Until S&TC raised concerns over potential chemical inputs from the factory affecting the river, no-one was aware or monitoring what was actually being discharged. Current discharge permits require the operators to disclose to the EA any toxic substances which may be present in their discharge, and then monitoring procedures are established accordingly. Clearly, in this case, that did not happen. There are fundamental failures in the regulatory approach applied here, which must be addressed by the EA.

Additional Freedom of Information data obtained by S&TC suggests up to five hundred other sites throughout England of a similar nature could be operating under the same or similar inadequate permits with no pesticide monitoring requirements, but with pesticide residues being discharged.

Dr. Janina Gray, Head of Policy and Science, Salmon & Trout Conservation,

“Bakkavör is surely the tip of the iceberg. These issues appear to be widespread and will be causing ongoing environmental damage. The existing permitting regime wholly fails to protect the environment from the damaging effects of a range of toxic chemicals. What is even more worrying is the emerging science suggesting that a “cocktail effect” may increase the toxicity of many different chemicals beyond the sum of their parts. The EA has failed to keep pace with what is actually polluting our rivers.”

S&TC is calling on Bakkavör plc to stop their discharge immediately until they can be certain they are not discharging pesticides above regulatory standards and until they can demonstrate they are not impacting the river.

Bakkavör plc urgently needs to outline:

what action it is taking to remove Acetamiprid and other pesticides from its discharge;
why it is taking so long to put proper protections in place for the Itchen;
why as a responsible business, it should be discharging any pesticides into the headwaters of a highly protected chalkstream; and
why, given the growing body of scientific evidence showing synergistic impacts of chemical cocktails, it routinely discharges a cocktail of 40 plus chemicals into the Itchen.

S&TC is calling on the Environment Agency to:

accept no more delays and to vary Bakkavör’s discharge permit immediately, to give the EA the ability to regulate all chemical discharges made by Bakkavör;
enforce permit variations at any other similar activities in England to require monitoring at any sites where pesticides are identified and, given the risk of synergistic effects, limit these discharges to well below safe levels.

NOTES FOR EDITORS

(1) Salmon and Trout Conservation

https://salmon-trout.org

2) Case History

Fears about pesticides and other chemicals in the discharges from this salad washing plant have been long standing[5] and culminated in June 2018 when S&TC issued the EA with a formal notification of environmental damage pursuant to the Environmental Liability Directive. This followed the results of S&TC’s invertebrate sampling[6] at a site immediately downstream of Bakkavör’s outflows which indicated that chemicals were impacting the invertebrate communities.

The resulting EA investigation confirmed S&TC’s findings; that there were pesticides present, which were on the salad leaves imported by Bakkavör and which were being subsequently washed off and into the Upper Itchen. It appears that Bakkavör had not self-notified the EA of the presence of these chemicals. Once made aware of the pesticide threat the EA began a monitoring and sampling regime. This testing revealed the presence of dozens of chemicals, pesticides and herbicides being washed off the fresh produce at Bakkavör Alresford Salads.

References

[1] The salad washing plant is situated on the River Aire a tributary of the protected River Itchen, a Special Area of Conservation (SAC)

[2] https://www.bakkavor.com/investors/

[3] The long-term chronic Regulatory Acceptable Concentration (RAC) for Acetamiprid is 0.0235mg/l, and the short- term acute RAC is 0.085mg/l.

[4] https://sitem.herts.ac.uk/aeru/ppdb/en/Reports/11.htm

[5] https://salmon-trout.org/2019/06/17/bakkavor-alresford-salads-impacting-upper-itchen/ [6] http://bit.ly/2RhzimT

Appendices (3):

Graph 1: Presence of Acetamiprid in the overnight wash discharge of Bakkavör Alresford Salads. The Lowest Limit of Analytical Determination (LOD) refers to the lowest concentration of the analyte that can be reliably detected and quantified. [It is believed that salad leaves associated with Acetamiprid, and its use, are more commonly associated with Spring seasonal produce, hence the absence of data during other months].

Table 1: Results of the sampling of the water leaving the factory during the overnight wash of salads and other fresh produce. [Only certain laboratories have the ability to test for Acetamiprid at the levels at which it is found to cause harm].

Table 2: Monthly Bakkavor - April 2020 - Sampling Data Summary April 2020. Released as part of Environment Agency FOI: 200605 SSD171346 - Bakkavor Data

S&TC Cymru launches its first SmartRivers hub in partnership with the South East Wales Rivers Trust

S&TC Cymru is delighted to announce that South East Wales Rivers Trust (SEWRT) is to host the first SmartRivers hub in Wales. The hub is certain to play a valuable role in assisting SEWRT restore the natural beauty and biodiversity of the postindustrial Cynon.

SmartRivers, born out of the Riverfly Census, uses aquatic invertebrates as a diagnostic test to tell us about the health of rivers and possible pollutants affecting wild fish populations.

Quick and easy to deploy, but also producing robust and powerful information, polluters of rivers and streams have already been forced to take action. "SmartRivers Delivering Results"

Richard Garner Williams, S&TC National Office for Wales

"I'm delighted SEWRT has chosen to engage with S&TC's SmartRivers programme and look forward to seeing the positive contribution the hub will make towards the Trust's ambitions. It is heartwarming to see the rivers of the south Wales valleys returning to life and I wish the all those associated with the Trust great success in their endeavours."

SmartRivers provides valuable information to assist with catchment management decisions, as well as establishing an insurance policy for rivers in the form of a benchmark of their health.

The South East Wales Rivers Trust (SEWRT) was formed in 2007 to recover river habitats in the former industrial valleys of South Wales. The valley environment suffered a great deal in the industrial era, but is slowly recovering, although weirs, contemporary industrial pollution and waste water issues continue to present problems for fish habitats and migration. Thanks to European funding, SEWRT has spent in excess of£190,0000 over recent years on twenty fish easements and three habitat improvement schemes opening up an additional one hundred and thirteen kilometres of river to migrating fish. Regrettably, due to pressure of work, the Cynon did not feature heavily in the programme, benefitting from only five minor easements. Historically, the Cynon valley was a major area of coal production and heavy industry, the consequences of which had a devastating impact on the ecology of the river. However, the very upper reaches were not so badly affected and over the years these have proved to be the areas from which life has returned to repopulate this bruised and battered river. Local interest in the recovery and importance of the Cynon has generated an enthusiastic band of volunteers, ready and willing to carry out much of the work. The driving force within SEWRT is working with the local community to value the river, carry out community river surveys and run river restoration and fly monitoring courses.

Tony Rees, Chairperson of the SEWRT said:

“As Chairman of the SEWRT I have been heavily involved in several fly monitoring programmes. Reading about the SmartRivers project made me realise how well this would fit into a new project that SEWRT is running on a truly urban river, the Cynon. I already have funding for two fly monitoring courses locally as well as to run a river restoration course. Using SmartRivers will raise the standard of the work we will be doing to a higher level and is a perfect fit for the “River for All” project on the Cynon. It will ultimately help us to understand in greater depth the problems in our valley rivers. It will also be an excellent way to show those who join in with us the unseen life in the river that is so important to all our wellbeing, but that the public has little knowledge of. We are grateful to Welsh Water, Pen Y Cymoedd wind farm community fund, Natural Resources Wales and Post Code Lottery for supporting the project.”

SmartRivers includes a comprehensive online and field-based training scheme, 1-2-1 support and good use of information technology, including a dedicated S&TC Invert ID App. This ensures that local community groups themselves are able to monitor the water quality in their rivers to a near-professional standard.

Lauren Mattingley, SmartRivers Project Manager S&TC

“We are delighted to be continuing our water quality work in Wales through SmartRivers. The Cynon is unlike any river we have enrolled in the programme to date, so the information we will obtain through the monitoring will be fascinating. It is astounding that tiny invertebrates can give us such vast insight into the subtle, and often invisible, pressures our young fish are being exposed to. We are very excited to educate the Cynon volunteers on these pressures. SmartRivers will give them the scientific power to understand what improvements are needed and measure the biological impact of any actions they may take.”

Nick Measham, S&TC CEO said:

“The rivers of Wales rivers suffered so much in the industrial era and sadly continue to face a lot of pressure. We are always pleased to hear about the positive work being done and some good news stories about river restoration. SEWRT have achieved so much good for the rivers under their care. We hope our SmartRivers programme will help SEWRT turn high quality citizen science into meaningful real-world action that here and now improves outcomes for wild fish and the wider habitat.”

Dennis Baynham, Secretary of the SEWRT

“The Cynon starts above Hirwaun and runs down the valley through the middle of Aberdare and Mountain Ash joining the Taff in Abercynon. It is a truly urban river in need of some TLC. It suffered years of pollution from colliery waste and the Phurnacite plant in Abercwmboi, but in the years since they stopped production water quality has improved tremendously. It now suffers with water quality problems from sewerage over flows and poor connections. I welcome this initiative as a step in the direction of identifying all the problems the Cynon. The local angling fraternity are behind this.”

Afon Cynon, A River for all: Gareth Edge Project officer

“My project aims to improve the biodiversity of the Cynon through meaningful education, community engagement and small-scale environmental improvements. Volunteers are encouraged to undertake a Level 1 accredited qualification in River Restoration. Partner Schools look after critically endangered European eels for release on the catchment, as part of a Europe wide restocking project. River clean-ups are undertaken in partnership with Keep Wales Tidy. Invasive species will also be managed with the aid of local authority. Partnering S&TC and the SmartRivers programme will enable me to take my work to a wider audience of volunteers.”

Natural Resources Wales issued the following statement,

“NRW is keen to support initiatives like SmartRivers, that involve communities in citizen science, and engender a wider and increased understanding of river ecosystems. SmartRivers monitoring aims to pick up issues, and working together, we can better protect and improve our river environments.”

For more information about SmartRivers and how it could support your river management activities, please email: smartrivers@salmon-trout.org

For more information on the work of S&TC Cymru, please email our National Officer for Wales, Richard Garner Williams: wales@salmon-trout.org

Please note: We can only run courses with groups of around 10 volunteers and not for individuals. However, if you are struggling to establish a 'hub' group your local Rivers Trust or Wildlife Trust may be able to help.

ENDS

Reporting with a purpose

S&TC is a national organisation and we use evidence from local case studies to help instigate policy changes that will benefit UK wild fish populations. But, this is just part of the value - we are making all our Riverfly Census findings available so they can be used to inform local management and drive action.

Each individual river report is based on three years of surveying data. Where possible, we have linked up our findings with other existing literature and data. Using the available information we suggest where local fishing and/or conservation groups can focus their management efforts to achieve the best health outcomes for each of the 12 original Census rivers.

Some of our local reports can be found on the slider below. Alternatively, visit the Riverfly Census page and scroll down to the map.

View River Dove Conclusions

View River Axe Conclusions

View River Wensum Conclusions

View River Camel Conclusions

View River Lambourn Conclusions

View River Ure Conclusions

Species richness and assemblage gives a far more accurate assessment of invertebrate communities………..

Dr Janina Gray, Head of Science & Environmental Policy, responds to a recent article in The Times,

Your article Boom in freshwater bugs bucks trend of disappearing insects (April 24^th) sets a dangerously simplistic view of the health of our rivers and water life.

The article reports only one metric – increase in abundance – and not the diversity of species present. Species richness and assemblage gives a far more accurate assessment of invertebrate communities and consequently a river’s health. For instance, our work has shown that chironomid species can have very high abundances, but they are an indicator of poor water quality, and so their abundance/biomass should not be applauded.

Using abundance data is not a metric which can be used to infer ‘bugs are not disappearing’. S&TC’s Riverfly Census, which recorded 34,000 insects from 480 species across 12 English rivers, showed that pesticides, sediment and excess phosphate are adversely impacting all our rivers to some extent, and are especially damaging to our chalkstreams – once the byword for pristine water quality. We therefore strongly suspect that your article reports false positives on the true state of freshwater biodiversity and health, by inferring an increase in abundance of pollution-tolerant bugs is a good thing. In order to understand the true state of freshwater bugs, studies must use species richness and abundance data together to form an accurate assessment.

Reporting with a purpose

Some of our local reports can be found on the slider below. Alternatively, visit the Riverfly Census page and scroll down to the map.

View River Dove Conclusions

View River Axe Conclusions

View River Wensum Conclusions

View River Camel Conclusions

View River Lambourn Conclusions

View River Ure Conclusions

SmartRivers

Category: SmartRivers

SmartRivers welcomes its first water company hosted volunteer hub

Philip Dunne MP launches new Bill to tackle river pollution

"If we can’t conserve the most protected, how can we ever conserve the rest?"

Chalkstreams are as internationally rare and ecologically important as coral reefs or rainforests, and 85% of the world’s chalkstreams are found in England.

As with everything right now, SmartRivers (the volunteer arm of the Riverfly Census) is navigating its way through the 'new normal'.

SmartRivers - now an IFM certified course

A new home for SmartRivers data

What’s next?

S&TC’s agricultural policy is simple; incentivise farmers to invest in their infrastructure and spread the word about modern soil management, but always be prepared to use the current legislation to regulate persistent offenders...

Bakkavör washing unknown quantities of thirty-six toxic pesticides, which present real danger to aquatic life, into headwaters of SAC chalkstream

Toxic neonicotinoid washed off salad leaves into protected chalkstream exceeds acceptable concentrations by up to 400%.

S&TC Cymru launches its first SmartRivers hub in partnership with the South East Wales Rivers Trust

Reporting with a purpose

Species richness and assemblage gives a far more accurate assessment of invertebrate communities………..

Reporting with a purpose

Charity Info

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